![]() ![]() While shareholders’ equity may consist of the following sub-accountsįurthermore, you may decide to structure your chart of accounts so that revenue and expenses is categorised according to business function, product line, or company division.Įach account on the chart of accounts contains an identification code, description, and name. Liabilities may also be broken down into these sub-accounts: For example, assets can include the following sub-accounts: Within your chart of accounts, these broad categories are likely to have a significant number of subcategories. Consequently, assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity (balance sheet accounts) are shown first, followed by revenue and expenses (income statement accounts). In a chart of accounts, accounts are shown in the order that they appear on your financial statements. ![]() By separating out your revenue, liabilities, assets, and business expenditures, a chart of accounts enables you to gain insight into the effectiveness of different areas of your business. It allows you to break down all the transactions that your business made during a specific period into different subcategories. Chart of accounts explainedįirst off, what is a chart of accounts? In short, it’s an index of all the financial accounts in your company’s general ledger. Explore the definition of a chart of accounts and find out why a chart of accounts is important with our comprehensive guide. That’s why a chart of accounts can be a beneficial addition to your financial analytics tools. Keeping track of all the money moving in and out of your business can be a challenge, but it’s important for anyone who wants an insight into their cash flow, as well as an overview of the general financial health of their company. ![]()
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7/6/2023 0 Comments Soundstream r3.12![]() If we receive an item back and it was not a manufacturer's defect, a deduction of the shipping cost could be deducted from the refund as well as the 20% restocking fee. The buyer is responsible for return shipping unless the item is a manufacturer defect. This means that we will only exchange for what you send us. Any Product missing manufacturer packaging, accessories, or parts will be exchanged only for the same product as we receive it. Feel free to reach out to us on specific warranty information prior to purchase. Manufacturers' warranty may vary from each Brand/Product. After 30 Days, the buyer is responsible for reaching out to the manufacturer directly. If the product is discontinued, you will be eligible for non-refundable store credit towards another product. In some situations, products could require additional testing and evaluation from our returns and service technicians.ĭefective products are covered through an exchange only of the same product within our return period. When will I Get my Refund or Replacement?Īfter we receive your product, we process the return within 3 business days. of any damage that occurred during shipment. If you receive an order, you have 7 days from your delivery date to notify Robidoux Inc. Blown, Punctured, or Fried Speakers, Subwoofers, and Amplifiers.ĭamaged Product and/or Shipping Box from Shipment.Mounted or Used Subwoofer Enclosures and Speaker Boxes.Physical Damage from Drops, Liquid, Mishandling, or Similar.A different serial number than the one shipped by Robidoux Inc.Missing parts or the original product packaging is damaged or tampered.Tags, Stickers, and other Manufacture Labels removed or tampered.Any sign of use - including installation, item scratches, or other signs of use such as physical markings, screw holes, or similar.Examples of conditions that will lead to refused returns or restocking fee include: will refuse the return or charge a less than full refund. Products must be new and show no signs of use or installation or Robidoux Inc. ![]() Non-Refundable Exclusions - Include select products such as those noted as non-refundable in the product description, pre-cut wire, special order or made-to-order products. Refund Method - Refunds are issued to the same credit card, debit card, or PayPal account that was used during purchase. Refund or Exchange Option - You may choose an exchange or a refund for the product returned. We do not allow returns or exchanges on Special Order, Electrical, Adjustable, Safety Items, Food Products, and Car Audio Products if they are not Brand New in Factory Packaging. There will be up to a 25% restocking fee on all returns unless you receive a manufacture defective product and it is returned within the 30 days. ![]() Items that are defective within the 30 days, can be sent back for an exchange of the exact product. ![]() You may return or exchange the complete, new product within 30 Days. Textured basket with voice coil cooling.A heavy soaking in epoxy combined with sonic qualities of pulp paper backing process itself worth of any system. Reference R3 Woofers use fiberglass stranding woven together for ultimate strength and less elasticity. With incomparable sound quality whether an SPL competitor or an SQ competitor this is a woofer that can do it all. With a 4-Layer voice coil and a gigantic motor structure, it can handle some serious bass. The R3 has a high roll surround for an extended excursion and prolong play. Soundstream 12" Reference Subwoofer R3.12 ![]() 7/6/2023 0 Comments Pdf merger online free![]() Allows for the much-desired drag-and-drop functionality.Allows for quick page identification and categorization by providing thumbnails.Allows you to organize the merged PDFs before putting them together.Allows for the extraction and insertion of PDF pages.On the contrary, UPDF is a lot faster and you can open a large house plan in seconds! Learn more about the comparison between Adobe Acrobat and UPDF. What's more important? Acrobat is very slow and it may crash when you open large PDF files. When talking about the interface, you will find that Acrobat's interface is a little old-fashioned. It is also hard for users to find the position of the tools they need. However, this tool is very expensive and it is a little overwhelming as there are many features that we actually don't need. Professional file structures are promised in the shortest amount of time feasible, saving you both time and effort. Besides splitting and merging PDF files, Adobe Acrobat Pro DC lets you manage the same document by removing, rotating, arranging, inserting, and replacing pages as needed. It allows you to merge PDF files with Adobe. This tool is one of the oldest PDF binders on the market. Many more features are on their way in the next months. Update and make improvements frequently.Achieved high conversion accuracy while preserving the original format.The all-in-one PDF tool allows you to perform all operations in one place to save time.UPDF is simple to use, even for first-timers.The features of UPDF change depending on whatever version you choose. All four major operating systems (Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android) are now supported by UPDF.Using UPDF as a PDF converter will allow you to export your PDF files to Microsoft Word or Excel, etc.You may also make changes to the text and images in your PDF files with UPDF. In addition, you'll have complete control over your PDF document's layout and design.Your PDF files can also be signed by you and shared with your friends or co-workers.Sticky notes, different shapes, and comments may also be added. You may highlight, underline, and strikethrough text in your PDF document using its advanced capabilities. ![]() In order to meet the demands of an office setting, the PDF editor has been built to speed up the editing process. UPDF is the best PDF merger software on the list. Adding batch processing and high-quality output, UPDF provides you with total control over the output and greatly simplifies the workflow. You may rearrange the documents and pages to meet your specific requirements by utilizing the handy drag-and-drop tool.Įven better, the enormous page thumbnails make it simple to distinguish between the various pages. It's amazing how easy it is to combine or merge any PDF file, whether it is a native or scanned version. ![]() You may view, edit, convert, OCR, encrypt, organize, and annotate PDF files without any hassle. When it comes to editing PDF files, UPDF is an outstanding choice for both Windows and Mac users. We will walk you through a number of different software options, each of which will fulfill your specifications and make the PDF merging process run smoothly. You will need the best PDF joiner software, which will make it simple for you to merge multiple PDF files into a single document. Check the best 10 PDF combiners for desktops and online on this article. ![]() By doing things in this manner, not only do you get the opportunity to save time, but you also spare yourself the trouble of having to deal with different attachments. ![]() Merging PDF files is vital if you want to have all of the important information in just one file, rather than searching for it in many files, and if you want to avoid unnecessary duplication. This article will provide you with information on the top ten PDF merger software, along with full introductions to each program, so that you can select the one that meets your needs the most effective. One of the most sought-after features in today's software is the ability to merge PDF files. ![]() 7/6/2023 0 Comments Lifeboat seed![]() ![]() Thoroughly enjoyable, informative and great to meet you all. Thank you to Ian and Peter and the rest of the team who gave up their time today to open the station and show us around. ![]() This was totally unexpected and impromptu and I think that made it all the better. I was really chuffed to be able to see and share in all this today and learn so much more about what the RNLI do on a daily basis. Told lots about the things they do, the times they go out, but also the additional stuff they do, like on Sundays at 10am, taking out Cremated Remains for families and scattering them at sea. I was shown the current RIB's that they have at this station, plus the fantastic tractor that is used to move the boats in and out. I spoke with Ian who just happened to be one of the Tour Team and who was very knowledgeable about all things RIB, RNLI and the Porthcawl Team too. She is published or forthcoming in Guernica, The Best Small Fictions 2019 anthology, Hobart, SmokeLong Quarterly, and elsewhere.So there I was having a walk along the Seafront and as we walked down towards to the RNLI Lifeboat station, I was quite surprised to see the doors open and the boats on show. She was the winner of the 2019 Malahat Review Open Season Award in Fiction and has received fellowships from VONA, Tin House, and One Story. A wedge of lime in one hand, a rope in the other. We inhale and swallow, we eat and eat and refuse to be empty. A memory, a forgotten place, a distance too great to cross. We see this as sowing seeds for the future - who knows where the next donations will. Gorging on survival, something that is our own. Southport Lifeboat is run by the Southport Offshore Rescue Trust. We sit around the table eating everything we can’t find. Let me fill my mouth with longing for what we lost and found again, let me reach out my hand and grab for more. Give me the whole fruit, the whole seed, the whole plate. Give me the peanuts slick with pepper paste, the peanuts boiled in salt water, the peanuts floating lifeboats in dal. Give me the salted papaya, the mango slice rubbed with a triangle of lemon. Unhinge your jaw, consume whatever you’re given, aching, longing, too hungry to In the next country you swallow your memories, You do not consider what they took from you: the ground beneath ![]() You,īeing a child, thought it was the crickets, that you had taken something that The next day you found yourself exiled,įleeing a country that spat you into the ocean, teeth from a broken mouth. ![]() You found yourself wanting, the crickets drowning in bileĪnd fruit flesh on the bathroom tile. Oil-crisp, wings stiff and light as eyelashes. Then guava, flesh scraped with baby teeth, the insides of a coconut, its The temple, orbs of sugar and sun-warmed milk rolled by hands bigger than You tell me that in the beginning you ate peda offered from Mouth, unable to imagine what might be better. Heads low to the table, we ferry food from plate to Pillows of bread, noodles thick as thighs. The only food inĮxile is everything we never dreamed: potatoes fried into oily smiles, white Posted by Quinn Sena in category: sustainability. The British dip butter toast into cups of imported Indian tea. The rice meal, we say, as the plantains hang fat and green from the trees, as The only food in the labor camp is riceīoiled to slurry, set with small stones and prized nodes of salt. Waves, the acid of emptiness, the boy who asked his mother for yogurt and datesįrom a mouth crusted with seasick. The only food on the boat was rice meal mixed with water, Food marks the displacement of the collective speakers as the pleasure of “guava, flesh scraped with baby teeth” is replaced with the need to “unhinge your jaw, consume whatever you’re given.” In the last section, the speakers’ desire for flavors from home is inextricably intertwined with a hunger for “a memory, a forgotten place, a distance too great to cross.” Wading into Oza’s richly textured prose, the reader’s immersed in the tastes of loss, survival, and longing. Assistant Editor Maggie Su: All three sections of Janika Oza’s “Lifeboat” revolve around food-as sustenance, as survival, as a way to connect to a lost country. ![]() 7/6/2023 0 Comments Jake atlas![]() ![]() He appeared in the limelight when he appeared on the popular series Celebrity Undercover Boss with Stephanie McMahon. He is known for winning titles like All Pro Wrestling’s Universal Heavyweight and Santino Bros. After this, he started making appearances in multiple California promotions like Baja Star’s USA, Empire Wrestling Federation, Gold Rush Pro Wrestling, Orange County Championship Wrestling, Championship Wrestling and All Pro Wrestling. He marked victory on his debut match which he won by disqualification. He made his in-ring debut as “Jake Atlas” on August 6, 2016, where his opponent was Robby Phoenix. He started having wrestling training at the local Santino Bros. He is most noted for his agility with moves like his signature Cartwheel DDT. He is a man with a background in gymnastics and cheerleading. He weighs 200 pounds or 91 kilograms and appears to be having perfect BMI calculation. How tall is Jake Atlas?Ītlas stands at a tall height above 5 feet and 7 inches. Further, he seems no hurry in being engaged or married. He is currently focused on his professional journey and is living a single life. "Before we do so, I just want to apologize to the audience at home for bad language.The Professional American wrestler is single and has no boyfriend in his current life. "Well go to the next question," Helwani said. I’ve been fighting top 10 guys the whole time.’’īoth fighters used plenty of colorful language during the press conference that was live streamed on YouTube. Paul zeroed in on Diaz’s double-digit defeats. "Yeah, brother, but what’s up?" Diaz said, suggesting he was the victim of controversial decisions. (For the record, Diaz’s MMA record is 22-13 and his most memorable victory was a submission of Conor McGregor in 2016.) Replied Paul: "Your record doesn’t agree with that. But it got lively when Diaz proclaimed, "I’m the best fighter to fight in the UFC, straight up." There were few fireworks during the press conference. "…I would have been a pro boxer when I was 18 years old but a cage fight came up first, so I was stuck in the cages my whole career." Apology for colorful language "And I don’t think I ever got my ass whipped in a boxing gym and not came back and been the last guy to win, win the rounds," said Diaz, who was known for his striking ability in UFC. In fact, he said he started boxing when he was 15 and sparred against former light heavyweight champion Andre Ward. "I’ve switched up pretty much the whole entire team."ĭiaz, who has fought only mixed martial arts as a pro, defended his decision to enter the boxing ring. Mosley also trained Paul for his first pro fight. Paul said the loss also prompted him to overhaul his training team, and that included hiring former world champion boxer Shane Mosley as his head trainer. "I have a lot to prove, two chips on each shoulder and it’s do-or-die for me. "I’m filled with vengeance, ambition, hunger, drive more than ever before," Paul said. Paul (6-1 with six KO’s) is coming off his first loss - a split-decision defeat to Tommy Fury - and said the setback has impacted how he’s approaching this fight. "I don’t plan on going anywhere, anytime soon," he said. So I already knew that, but he’s slower than I thought."ĭiaz, who fought out his UFC contract in February, said he had no second thoughts about more combat sports even if it might not be good for his health. "He’s slow, he’s slow," Paul later told reporters. ![]() I don’t speak Stockton.’’ĭiaz did audibly say he thinks the fight will end in the 10th round, at which point Paul reminded him the fight was scheduled for eight rounds. Helwani asked the fighters for a prediction for the fight and Diaz, a native of Stockton, California, muttered a reply. "I’ve never seen anything like it," Paul said of Diaz’s behavior. Paul looked bewildered until the moderator, Ariel Helwani, explained Diaz was just taking a bathroom break. That’s thanks to Diaz, 38, the legendary UFC fighter who will be making his professional boxing debut.Īt times incoherent, Diaz at one point abruptly left the press conference. 5 in Dallas might go down as one of the oddest in recent memory. But the press conference Tuesday in advance of their 185-pound fight scheduled for eight rounds Aug. It's too early to know how Jake Paul and Nate Diaz will match up in the boxing ring. ![]() 7/6/2023 0 Comments Rose quartz face roller![]() It is known as the stone of universal love and energized with the vibrations of self-love, acceptance and happiness. Metaphysically, rose quartz corresponds to the heart chakra, the energy center of love. It also aids in supporting the lymphatic system, the body’s main major detoxification system. Physically, it helps to firm the look of skin through gentle massage. It’s been a beauty ritual since ancient times in China, dating all the way back to the 7th century. Facial rolling is both a relaxing and de-stressing self-care activity. When it comes to the Jade Face Roller vs Rose Quartz Face Roller debate, each is beautiful in its own way and makes a flawless addition to any self-care and skincare routine… letting you discover the power of these precious stones as they enrich your life and skin with healing energy.Our Rose Quartz Facial Roller is an incredible tool for inner and outer beauty. Or better yet, try both and watch your complexion transform as you enjoy a sense of inner peace and beauty like never before! Roll Into Radiant SkinĪ facial roller is one of the best skin-vestments you can make, as these luxury tools provide a relaxing facial massage and radiant skin. If you’re thinking pink and want to feel the love, pure energy, and good vibes with every glide of your facial roller, Rose Quartz is perfect for your beauty lineup. Those who are looking for more balance or harmony in their routine, and want to attract good luck and positive change, may benefit from the Jade facial roller. Jade Face Roller vs Rose Quartz Roller… you’ll reach ultimate radiance with both of our facial rollers, but it’s your choice. SHOP NOW: Rose Quartz Facial Roller Which Facial Roller is Best For You? Has a cooling effect that stays cold on the skin regardless of how long you use it - and is even more cooling after being refrigerated.A complexion that glows like never before.An instant feeling of self-love and positive energy radiates throughout your body with this luxury Rose Quartz tool - perfect for the days you (and your skin) need a wellness boost. ![]() Heal yourself and your skin as our Rose Quartz facial roller works to massage your face and enhance your natural beauty - as you experience cooling vibrations and soothing vibes the moment this delicate stone touches your skin. Rose quartz is the stone of universal love, beauty, and pure energy, often associated with the heart chakra to provide the ultimate self-love moment. SHOP NOW: Jade Facial Roller All About Rose Quartz Facial Roller Features two stones - a larger one for broader areas of the face (cheeks and jaw) and a smaller one for the eye and mouth areas. ![]()
![]() OYO File Manager, helps you to manage files in your mobile from your computer over Wi-Fi, without USB cable.Īlso, view your photo albums, play songs and videos. As for unlimited, it allows you to send any size file, as many times as you want, all for free. ![]() ![]() Quickly, given network conditions, it finds the optimal transfer path to ensure your data reaches its location in the most efficient way possible. Easily, it allows you to send any file type, across any platform, all without logging in or signing up. Send Anywhere takes an easy, quick, and unlimited approach to file sharing. Wireless Transfer App Wireless Transfer Transfer App App Store It helps you easily and quickly transfer photos and videos between iPhone and iPad, as well as transfer photos and videos from computer to iPad/iPhone/iPod and vice verse. Wireless Transfer App is an easy to use photo and video transfer tool. Its WiFi Music Manager feature allows you the options of audio import, music import, song import and mp3 import without using iTunes.ĭeveloper Link: Cloud Backup &Amp Wifi File Transfer Lock Photos, Videos And Audio Password Pattern Apart from being a perfect data security app, Folder Lock is a perfect WiFi manager app too, as you can transfer files from your iPhone to PC, or vice versa, wireless via Folder Lock. See More: Top 10 Android Apps : Photo/Video Securityįolder Lock lets you password-protect your personal files, photos, videos, documents, contacts, wallet cards, notes and audio recordings in your iPhone. For your convenience, I’ve listed together the 10 best apps which contain the Wi-Fi File Transfer feature The feature named ‘Wi-Fi File Transfer’ allows users to transfer files wirelessly from their iPhone to their PC and vice versa.Īlthough this feature isn’t built primarily into the iOS platform, but there are apps available on the App Store which allow users to benefit from this feature. Wifi File TransferĪfter doing some research, I came across a very interesting feature which is actually the easiest method of transferring files from iPhone to PC. There are other apps available too, but they are just as complex. It’s also mandatory for you to have a Data Cable available so that you may connect your phone to your PC. It’s also very complex and time consuming. ![]() However, the PC version of iTunes is really not as good as the Mac version is. Most people use iTunes to transfer files to their PC. Those who suffer the same wrath would understand how awful it feels when you need to transfer a file from your iPhone to your Windows PC. I’m definitely not the first person on this planet who uses an iPhone, but doesn’t own a Mac. ![]() 7/5/2023 0 Comments Hell on blood island![]() Paul Henderson (Kent Taylor, another B-movie veteran) and his wife Carla (Beverly Powers, credited as “Beverly Hills”) to investigate evidence of atomic radiation at the tropical paradise nicknamed “Blood Island” by the fearful natives. Shot for a meager $75,000, Brides found Ashley playing Peace Corps member Jim Farrell, who escorts Dr. through distributors like Dimension Pictures and Roger Corman’s then newly-formed New World Pictures. He enjoyed the experience of working in the Philippines so much that he stayed on long after the Blood Island series concluded and produced several exploitation movies in the country that saw release in the U.S. At the time he received the offer to star in Brides, Ashley’s marriage to Deborah Walley had ended and he needed immediate escape. It also one of the Blood Island quartet’s most enduring staples – actor John Ashley. Introducing color and upping the ante in terms of sex and violence made Brides a vastly more entertaining movie. Few of these did well at the box office, compelling the producers to make a return trip to Blood Island in 1968 for Brides of Blood.Īfter the sleep-inducing Terror, there was nowhere for the series to go but up. ![]() with Terror Is A Man) and The Raiders of Leyte Gulf, the latter a staple of exploitation trailer compilation DVDs. Out of the partnership between Lynn and Romero came several other movies including The Scavengers (which played on a double bill in the U.S. Back in the States, Lynn met up with producer Irwin Pizor, and together with Romero they founded Hemisphere Pictures to ensure American distribution for their Filipino projects. ![]() Once the war ended, he decided to settle down there, and it was then that he met Romero and the two men became friends and formed Lynn-Romero Productions. During World War II, Lynn was a pilot in the U.S. Terror was co-directed by Gerardo de Leon and Eddie Romero, with only de Leon getting screen credit, and produced by Kane W. The laughable make-up on the misbegotten mutant does not help either. That bell sounds like a telephone ringing and when I first heard it, I half-expected Girard to shout, “Will someone answer that damn thing already?” By the time Panther Dude finally breaks free from bondage and goes on a very mild rampage in the movie’s last twenty minutes, you may or may not care one bit. For that scene, the producers added a warning bell to cue the audience for mondo disturbing stuff about to happen. Nothing much happens for the first hour of Terror outside of Francis falling in love with the sailor and a surgery scene with less blood than a papercut. Charles Girard (Francis Lederer) and his wife/assistant Francis (Greta Thyssen) have transformed a panther into a sort of Man Panther (Flory Carlos), or Panther Man if you will. But the movie itself is an overly talkative affair about a shipwrecked sailor (Richard Derr) whose lifeboat lands on an island in the middle of who-the-hell-knows where scientist Dr. Wells’ classic science fiction novel The Island of Doctor Moreau, sowed the seeds for the monstrous mayhem to come. I am referring, of course, about the infamous “Blood Island” series – a quartet of insane low-budget horror flicks that delivered to audiences around the world a non-stop parade of slime, sex, and slaughter.ġ959’s Terror Is A Man, a lo-fi riff on H.G. Six decades ago, a group of Filipino filmmakers and a few English-speaking actors in need of an easy payday birth one of the wildest and bloodiest franchises in the history of exploitation cinema. Poser Proof Die Hard Edition on Translucent Red Vinyl w/ Bonus Cassette - Limited to 500 copies. Heavy was HELL for a half decade and it was a long, long way down. Available as a 2LP box set with an ephemera-stuffed gatefold and 144-page hardbound book, or a sheer savage CD Wallet, with a 12-panel double-sided poster for those denizens of the compact disc. Featuring 21 tracks by 21 of the Sunset Strip's most razor-sharp heathens. rock as it actually was: a California cataclysm of drunk and horny headbangers, dressed in sharp, shiny, leather androgyny and fire, kicking crowds in the teeth to clear the way to that one big shot. Heavy metal? Glam? Hard rock? Make your own fuckin' call, you poser. ![]() South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands (USD $). ![]() 7/5/2023 0 Comments 4l80e transmission![]() ![]() It communicates efficiently with the Engine Control Module through the onboard vehicle CAN bus network. The TCM (Transmission Control Module) refers to the highly adaptive learning computer smartly integrated within the transmission valve body. Other General Motors applications are still going to follow soon. This automatic transmission also arrived with a considerably enhanced Park/Neutral safety switch and modified transmission line pressure solenoid. The H1 received a 4L80 along with its dedicated T42 transmission computer in 2004. Despite this, several performance aficionados always prefer to efficiently reprogram the 4L80E automatic transmission in order to run as a very simple, ON-OFF solenoid. The torque converter – when applied in factories – is heavily controlled via a PWM lock-up solenoid for seamless lock-up action. Part of the Powertrain Control Module’s strategy includes shift stabilization, which contributes significantly to reducing hunting. Some vehicles using this automatic transmission come with shift maps that the driver can select, based on usage, including towing, etc. The 4L80E Automatic Transmission TechnologyĮvery 4L80E automatic transmission makes use of electronic controls, which are generally from the Powertrain Control Module. Dexron VI, another brand, highly superseded its previous transmission fluids, claiming that it has significantly improved the transmission performance as well as a more extraordinary fluid life and transmission. The company required this fluid formulation’s warranty in the 4L80E series. ![]() GM specified a brand-new automatic transmission fluid formulation in 2006, though this development was not regarded as a transmission change. A few differences between this transmission and the 4L80E include a 5-pinion reaction gearset, a 5-pinion output gearset, etc. In 2002, the 4L85 automatic transmission entered the market. However, it became a huge success and continued to be enhanced throughout its production span, even with extra changes entering when required. The 4L80E automatic transmission is by no means perfect and has its share of glitches. This included the Silverado, Sierra, Suburban, Hummer H1, etc. In 1991, GM trucks rolled out into the market, bearing the 4L80E automatic transmission. Instead, the 4L80E transmission showcases an integrated bellhousing with the Chevrolet 90-degree engine bolt pattern only. However, the 4L80E never featured a removable bellhousing, unlike the 4L60E automatic transmission. The 4L80E features a die-cast aluminum case, just like most other GM automatics. The 4L80E transmission features a large 32 spline output shaft – much like the TH400 transmission – in the numerous 2WD and 4WD applications. However, its indexing bore diameter was efficiently changed. The rear tail housing bolt pattern was not tampered with in any way. But the added overdrive gear gave the 4L80E an edge over its predecessor, even though it required a somewhat longer case and an extra gear set. GM relied heavily on – and used – several parts or components and designs derived from the TH400 transmission when developing the 4L80E. Although the 700R4 was a tough transmission, it could not really hold a candle to the TH400 transmission.Īnd for this particular reason, GM had no choice but to start developing a pretty heavy-duty automatic overdrive. GM quickly recognized a gap revealed by the rapidly expanding success of the 4L80E/700R4 automatic transmission. It was practically the last hold-out of the entire old-school automatics with no overdrive or lock-up converter. The latter is a tough and enduring transmission at GM – as well as other marques. The Development of the 4L80E TransmissionĪs mentioned briefly earlier, the 4L80E automatic transmission was directly developed from the TH400 transmission. Note that the terms ‘4L80’ and ‘4L85’ may be used without adding the suffix, ‘É.’ This is because every GM automatic is electronically controlled now and, therefore, doesn’t need differentiation. Every reference to the 4L80E also applies to this variant, except where stated otherwise. The latter is constructed such that it can efficiently handle heavy-duty use. In this post, you will learn more about the 4L80E transmission as well as its variant, i.e., the 4L85E. This automatic transmission has remained in production through the 2009+ model year. The 4L80E also features a lock-up torque converter, an added overdrive gear, as well as state-of-the-art electronic controls. It is constructed to a great extent on the 400 in strength and parts. The legendary TurboHydramatic TH400 automatic transmission was the 4L80E transmission’s immediate predecessor. The 4L80E transmission was introduced in the GM C/K Trucks line-up – to the delight of motorists – in 1991. ![]() 7/5/2023 0 Comments Signalscope electric fish![]() ![]() In this case, we refer to the model as ‘biomimetic’. One motivation for building physical models is to gain a better understanding of the biology of the animal in question that may be difficult or impossible to obtain from live animals ( Webb, 2001 MacIver, 2001). Biomimetic and bio-inspired physical models There is one African electric knifefish species, Gymnarchus niloticus, which possesses a dorsal ribbon fin nearly identical to the ventral fin of South American knifefish shown in Fig. The mechanics exhibited by mormyrids differs greatly from that of the knifefish and has largely been left unstudied. This review focuses first on physical models that incorporate the mechanics of South American knifefish, and second on artificial electrosense systems inspired by all weakly electric fish including the African mormyrids. The result is that there has been significant progress in understanding the neuromechanics of a host of systems, including the lamprey, flies, frogs, cats, salamanders, aplysia, rat vibrissal systems, cockroaches and fish, among others ( Chiel et al., 2009 Nishikawa et al., 2007 Cowan and Fortune, 2007 Collins et al., 2005). More recently, within this model system community as well as others, the importance of body mechanics and locomotion for understanding neural systems has become increasingly recognized ( MacIver, 2009 Chiel and Beer, 1997 Full and Koditschek, 1999 Dickinson et al., 2000). ![]() 1A) have been a leading model system within sensory neurobiology for many years. Future integration of electrosense and ribbon fin technology into a knifefish robot should likewise result in a vehicle capable of navigating complex 3D geometries unreachable with current underwater vehicles, as well as provide insights into how to design mobile robots that integrate high bandwidth sensing with highly responsive multidirectional movement. While robotic ribbon fin and artificial electrosense research has been pursued separately to reduce complications that arise when they are combined, electric fish have succeeded in their ecological niche through close coupling of their sensing and mechanical systems. Artificial electrosense is capable of aiding navigation, detection and discrimination of objects, and mapping the environment, all tasks for which the fish use electrosense extensively. Engineered active electrosensory models inspired by electric fish allow for close-range sensing in turbid waters where other sensing modalities fail. These models have uncovered the mechanisms by which knifefish generate thrust for swimming forward and backward, hovering, and heaving dorsally using a ventral elongated median fin. Study of these fish has resulted in models that illuminate the principles behind their electrosensory system and unique swimming abilities. Weakly electric knifefish have intrigued both biologists and engineers for decades with their unique electrosensory system and agile swimming mechanics. ![]() |